What is identified as the leading cause of peptic ulcers?

• A. Excessive alcohol consumption
• B. Infection with Helicobacter pylori
• C. Stress and anxiety
• D. High-fat diet

Answer: (B)

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the leading cause of peptic ulcers because this bacterium can disrupt the mucosal layer of the stomach and duodenum, leading to inflammation and ulcer formation. The presence of H. pylori induces the production of inflammatory mediators and can affect gastric acid secretion, both contributing to ulcer development.

Research has shown a strong correlation between H. pylori infection and the occurrence of both gastric and duodenal ulcers. Eradicating this bacterium is essential in treating and preventing the recurrence of peptic ulcers, highlighting its central role in ulcer pathogenesis.

Other factors, such as excessive alcohol consumption, can exacerbate existing ulcers or lead to gastritis, but they are not the primary cause. Stress and anxiety have been associated with ulcer development, but they do not directly cause ulcers as H. pylori does. Similarly, a high-fat diet may contribute to digestive discomfort, but it is not a leading cause of ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, infection with H. pylori stands out as the primary culprit in the development of peptic ulcers.