What is celiac disease?

• A. A neurological disorder affecting digestion
• B. An autoimmune disorder caused by gluten ingestion
• C. A type of food allergy to dairy
• D. A bacterial infection of the intestines

Answer: (B)

Celiac disease is classified as an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, which is found in wheat, barley, and rye. In individuals with celiac disease, the immune system reacts abnormally to gluten, leading to inflammation and damage in the small intestine's lining. This damage impairs the absorption of nutrients, which can result in various gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain, as well as systemic issues like fatigue and malnutrition.

By correctly identifying celiac disease as an autoimmune disorder linked specifically to gluten consumption, it becomes evident how critical it is for affected individuals to adhere to a strict gluten-free diet to manage their condition and prevent long-term complications. Other choices such as a neurological disorder, a dairy allergy, or a bacterial infection do not accurately describe celiac disease and fail to address the underlying immunological mechanisms related to gluten intake.